MilitaryCord

Alum

2005-10-16T23:30:00.000-07:00

Any of a group of hydrated double salts, usually consisting of aluminum sulfate, water of hydration, and the sulfate of another element. A whole series of hydrated double salts results from the hydration of the sulfate of a univalent cation (e.g., potassium) and the sulfate of any one of a number of trivalent cations (e.g., aluminum). Aluminum sulfate can thus form alums with

Armco Inc.

2005-07-28T02:10:00.000-07:00

Originally a manufacturer of sheet iron and steel, the company diversified, and its activities now

Sokollu, Mehmed Pasa

2005-07-26T07:40:00.000-07:00

Ottoman grand vizier (chief minister) from June 1565, under the sultans Süleyman the Magnificent and Selim II, and perhaps the real ruler of the empire until the death of Selim in 1574. During his tenure, a war was fought with Venice (1570–73), in which the Ottoman navy was defeated in the famous Battle of Lepanto (Oct. 7, 1571), but

Zaghlul, Sa'd

2005-07-23T20:15:00.000-07:00

Abbas Mahmud al-Aqqad, Sa'd Zaghlul (1936), a full-length biography (in Arabic and not available in translation), is uncritically favourable to the subject. In English see E. Kedourie, “Sa'ad Zaghlul and the British,” in A. Hourani (ed.), Middle Eastern Affairs: Number Two, pp. 139–160 (1961), written by a hostile critic with a wide knowledge of Arabic sources; and the reasonably impartial obituary notice in The (London) Times (Aug. 24, 1927).

Jeté

2005-07-06T22:05:00.000-07:00

(French jeté: “thrown”), ballet leap in which the weight of the dancer is transferred from one foot to the other. The dancer “throws” one leg to the front, side, or back and holds the other leg in any desired position upon landing. Among the commonly seen forms of this step are the jeté battu, in which the legs are crossed in the air before the descent; the grand jeté, a broad,

China, Educational and cultural policy changes

2005-06-23T06:15:00.000-07:00

In the educational system, the reformers gave top priority to training technical, scientific, and scholarly talent to world-class standards. This involved the re-creation of a highly selective and elitist higher educational system, with admission based on competitive academic examination. Graduate study programs were introduced, and thousands of Chinese were

Montserrat

2005-06-21T00:00:00.000-07:00

The original Native American inhabitants of Montserrat began to arrive in the Lesser Antilles about 3000 BC. Carib Indians, who arrived later, are said to have named the island Alliouagana (“Land of the Prickly Bush”). However, Montserrat was uninhabited by the time Christopher Columbus sighted it in November 1493, during his second voyage to the Americas. Columbus named the island

Blair

2005-06-16T15:35:00.000-07:00

The Delaware, Shawnee, and

Adam, Robert

2005-06-13T10:20:00.000-07:00

Toward the end of his life, Adam built the Register House (1772–92), Edinburgh, in which he

Kamáres Ware

2005-06-01T20:00:00.000-07:00

Style of painted pottery that flourished on Crete during the Middle Minoan period (c. 2100–c. 1550 BC). Surviving examples include ridged cups, small, round spouted jars, and large storage jars (pithoi), on which combinations of abstract curvilinear designs and stylized plant and marine motifs are painted in white and tones of red, orange, and yellow on black grounds.

Eight, The

2005-05-18T10:16:00.001-07:00

Group of American painters who exhibited together only once, in New York City in 1908, but who established one of the main currents in 20th-century American painting. The original Eight included Robert Henri, leader of the group, Everett Shinn, John Sloan, Arthur B. Davies, Ernest Lawson, Maurice Prendergast, George Luks, and William J. Glackens. George Bellows later joined them.

Aerobatics

2005-05-18T10:16:00.000-07:00

Maneuvers in which an aircraft is flown under precise control in unusual attitudes (the position of an aircraft determined by the relationship between its axes and a reference such as the horizon). A myriad of aerobatic maneuvers exist, some of the better-known being rolls, loops, stall turns (hammerheads), and tailslides. The term aerobatics came into use in early 1914 after

Papier-mâché

2005-05-16T15:35:00.000-07:00

Repulped paper that has been mixed with glue or paste so that it can be molded. The art of making articles of papier-mâché, beautifully decorated in Oriental motifs and handsomely lacquered, was known in the East centuries before its introduction in Europe. Molded-paper products were first made in France in the early part of the 18th century and, later, in Germany and England.

Racine

2005-05-14T13:15:00.000-07:00

City, seat (1836) of Racine county, southeastern Wisconsin, U.S. It lies along Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Root River, just south of Milwaukee. Founded in 1834 as Port Gilbert by a lake captain, Gilbert Knapp, in 1837 it adopted its present name, which was derived either from the French word for “root” or from the Algonkian pakwasewin, meaning “a place where wild rice is gathered.” The improvement

Market research

2005-03-15T00:29:00.000-08:00

Does anybody know any good market research web sites. I am a housewife with f*ckall to do all day and would like to earn some cash from market research. I've been using the panel consumer thing at Lightspeed which is okay but so far I've won a crummy prize. I WANT TO EARN SOME MONEY!!!

Please help

Aniakchak National Monument And Preserve

2005-03-11T15:11:00.000-08:00

Large wilderness area in southwestern Alaska, U.S., on the southern shore of the Alaska Peninsula, about 450 miles (720 km) south of Anchorage. Proclaimed a national monument in 1978, the area underwent boundary changes in 1980 when the national preserve was established. The monument covers an area of 214 square miles (554 square km), while the preserve covers an additional 725 square miles (1,878 square

Amakihi

2005-03-04T22:31:00.000-08:00

(Loxops virens), perhaps the most common native songbird in Hawaii, a member of the Hawaiian honeycreeper family, Drepanididae (order Passeriformes). It is 12 cm (5 inches) long, with yellow body, black eye-mark, and rather short, slightly curved bill. It feeds on insects and small fruits in brushland and forest, and it has mewing and trilling calls. has anybody here heard of the lesserspotted CragRat? It's a wild thing with jutty teeth and lives in the Northern region of England. Gawd 'elp us!

Art

2005-03-03T02:10:00.000-08:00

The various visual arts exist within a continuum that ranges from purely aesthetic purposes at one end to purely utilitarian purpose. You buy sporting art at: Nick Potter's gallery in Mayfair or Fine antique art at the gallery of Richard Green on Bond street

Owain Gwynedd

2005-03-02T19:35:00.000-08:00

Together with his brother Cadwaladr, Owain led three expeditions (1136 - 37) against the English stronghold of Ceredigion to the south. The brothers ravaged the region and established themselves there. Upon his father's death in 1137, Owain took the throne of North

Alliance

2005-03-01T23:20:00.000-08:00

In international relations, a formal agreement between two or more states for mutual support in case of war. Contemporary alliances provide for combined action on the part of two or more independent states and are generally defensive in nature, obligating allies to join forces if one or more of them is attacked by another state or coalition. Although alliances

Arabia, The Persian Gulf lowland

2005-02-28T23:56:00.000-08:00

A low-lying region follows the Arabian shore of the Persian Gulf from Kuwait around to the Al-Hajar mountains of Oman at the mouth of the gulf. The gravel plain of Ad-Dibdibah lies inland southwest of Kuwait. Adjacent to Ad-Dahna' is the low plateau of As-Summan; between it and the coast scattered hills rise a few hundred feet. Broad patches of sand occur here and there, and salt

Reform Party

2005-02-27T20:29:00.000-08:00

The Reformers urged that the provincial legislative councils - and by implication even the governors and other officials - be made elective; they also proposed that the officials

Fyrd

2005-02-26T03:20:00.000-08:00

Tribal militia-like arrangement existing in Anglo-Saxon England from approximately AD 605. Local in character, it imposed military service upon every able-bodied free male. It was probably the duty of the ealderman, or sheriff, to call out and lead the fyrd. Fines imposed for neglecting the fyrd varied with the status of the individual, landholders receiving the heaviest

Baseball, Women in baseball

2005-02-25T13:52:00.000-08:00

Women have played organized baseball since the 1860s. Students at the all-female Vassar College formed baseball teams as early as 1866. In 1875 three men organized a women's baseball club in Springfield, Illinois, divided it into two teams, the Blondes and the Brunettes, and charged admission to see them play. In the early 20th century, barnstorming teams known as �Bloomer Girls� were

Nephrotic Syndrome

2005-02-24T06:24:00.000-08:00

The nephrotic syndrome occurs usually in young children or young adults. Persons

Bess Beetle

2005-02-23T11:31:00.000-08:00

Also called �Bess-bug, Betsy Bug, or Horned Passalus Beetle� (family Passalidae), any of approximately 800 species of insects found mainly in the tropics but also in North America (e.g., Passalus cornutus) and characterized by their large size, ranging between 30 and 40 mm (1.2 and 1.6 inches) in length. Because of their shiny black wing covers (elytra), they are sometimes called patent-leather beetles. They are rather flat and

Floire Et Blancheflor

2005-02-22T18:50:00.000-08:00

French metrical romance known in two versions from the 12th and 13th centuries and thought to be of Greco-Byzantine or Moorish origin. Its theme of separation and reunion of young lovers is the same as that treated in Aucassin et Nicolette, though the roles and religion of the two main characters are reversed. Floire is the son of a Saracen king; Blancheflor, his beloved,

Oglethorpe University

2005-02-21T21:23:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. The university comprises nine divisions offering undergraduate study in the humanities, business, sciences, and education. It also offers master's degree programs in education and business administration. The campus is distinguished by its English Gothic architecture. Total enrollment

Space Station

2005-02-20T17:41:00.000-08:00

An artificial structure placed in orbit and having the pressurized enclosure, power, supplies, and environmental systems necessary to support human habitation for extended periods. Depending on its configuration, a space station can serve as a base for a variety of activities. These include observations of the Sun and other astronomical objects, study of the

Mauldin, Bill

2005-02-19T01:40:00.000-08:00

After studying cartooning at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts,

Aumale, Henri-eug�ne-philippe-louis D'orl�ans, Duke (duc) D'

2005-02-18T07:36:00.000-08:00

Orl�ans entered an army career at age 17 and distinguished himself in Algerian campaigns; in 1847 he became lieutenant general and governor of France's African possessions. An exile in England after the

Dome Of The Rock

2005-02-17T16:02:00.000-08:00

Arabic �Qubbat as-Sakhrah � shrine in Jerusalem that is the oldest extant Islamic monument. The rock over which the shrine was built is sacred to both Muslims and Jews. The Prophet Muhammad, founder of Islam, is traditionally believed to have ascended into heaven from the site. In Jewish tradition, it is here that Abraham, the progenitor and first patriarch of the Hebrew people, is said to have prepared

Sang-kan River

2005-02-16T18:04:00.000-08:00

Wade - Giles romanization �Sang Kan Ho�, Pin-yin �Sang Gan He� river in Shansi and Hopeh provinces, China. The Sang-kan River rises just south of Ning-wu, near the Great Wall of China, on the eastern slope of the Kuan-ts'en Shan (mountains), in northern Shansi. After flowing northeast in a trough running parallel to the strike of the Heng Shan, it turns southeast near Hs�an-hua (Hopeh) to emerge into the North China Plain in the Peking area.

Astip�laia

2005-02-15T01:51:00.000-08:00

Island, westernmost of the Greek Dodecanese Islands, Aegean Sea, between Amorg�s and Cos (Kos). With an area of 37 square miles (97 square km), it comprises two mountain masses linked by a narrow isthmus that provided shelter for the ancient Roman fleet. The western hills rise to about 1,500 feet (450 m) and the eastern hills to about 1,200 feet (365 m). The coast is much indented, with high cliffs rising

Penates

2005-02-14T21:40:00.000-08:00

Formally �Di Penates� household gods of the Romans and other Latin peoples. In the narrow sense, they were gods of the penus (�household provision�), but by extension their protection reached the entire household. They are associated with other deities of the house, such as Vesta, and the name was sometimes used interchangeably with that of the Lares, any of various tutelary deities. The Penates

Tooth

2005-02-13T07:29:00.000-08:00

The teeth of vertebrates represent the modified descendants of bony dermal (skin) plates that armoured ancestral fishes. A tooth consists of a crown

Candidas

2005-02-12T06:20:00.000-08:00

The popularity of Candidas' songs inspired much imitation, making it difficult to establish firmly the identity of the poet.

Settling

2005-02-11T14:29:00.000-08:00

Settling also refers to movement of structures located above deep beds of soft

Evans, Rowland

2005-02-10T06:34:00.000-08:00

American journalist (b. April 28, 1921, Whitemarsh, Pa. - d. March 23, 2001, Washington, D.C.), advocated conservative causes as a prominent newspaper columnist and television host. With journalist Robert Novak, Evans published a syndicated column, called �Inside Report,� from 1963 to 1993. From 1980 the pair served as cohosts of Cable News Network's political talk show Evans

Biblical Literature, Form and content of John

2005-02-09T11:53:00.000-08:00

In John there is a mixture of long meditational discourses on definite themes and concrete events recalling the structure of Matthew (with events plus discourses); and, although the source problem is complex and research is still grappling with it, there can be little doubt that John depended on a distinct source for his seven miracles (the sign [or semeia] source): (1) turning

Spokane River

2005-02-08T14:46:00.000-08:00

River rising in Coeur d'Alene Lake, Kootenai county, northern Idaho, U.S., and flowing west across the Washington border through Spokane for about 50 miles (80 km) to the Columbia River. The Spokane is 100 miles (160 km) long and has several dams, including Long Lake Dam (1915).

Jahwarid Dynasty

2005-02-07T02:26:00.000-08:00

Muslim Arab dynasty that ruled C�rdoba, Spain, after the dissolution of the Umayyad caliphate of C�rdoba (1031), one of the party kingdoms (ta'ifahs). Years of civil war following the breakdown of central caliphal authority in 1008 prompted the Cordoban council of notables, led by a prominent aristocrat, Abu al-Hazm Jahwar ibn Jahwar, to abolish the institution of the caliphate and

Pappus Of Alexandria

2005-02-06T11:21:00.000-08:00

The most important mathematical author writing in Greek during the later Roman Empire, known for his Synagoge (�Collection�), a voluminous account of the most important work done in ancient Greek mathematics. Other than that he was born at Alexandria in Egypt and that his career coincided with the first three decades of the 4th century AD, little is known about his life.

Gahnite

2005-02-05T00:53:00.000-08:00

The mineral zinc aluminum oxide, a member of the spinel (q.v.) series.

Hoover, Lou

2005-02-04T18:08:00.000-08:00

The Hoovers retired to homes on both coasts - a house in Palo Alto, California, and an apartment in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. It was in the latter home that Lou died suddenly in January 1944. She was buried in West Branch, Iowa, at the site of her husband's presidential library, a place as understated as was the approach of this reticent, independent woman to the job of first lady.

Ganesha

2005-02-03T16:09:00.000-08:00

Ganesha, considered the remover of obstacles, is the first god invoked at the beginning of worship or of a new enterprise, and he is often positioned near thresholds and gateways. He is a patron of letters and learning, and he is the

Radiguet, Raymond

2005-02-02T06:31:00.000-08:00

At 16 Radiguet took Paris by storm and joined the frenzied life of the leading post-World War

Gaddi, Taddeo

2005-02-01T03:39:00.000-08:00

His earliest authenticated work is a small triptych with the Virgin enthroned with Child and saints, signed and

Antarctica, Technological advancements in exploration

2005-01-31T01:43:00.000-08:00

The period between World Wars I and II marks the beginning of the mechanical, particularly the aerial, age of Antarctic exploration. Wartime developments in aircraft, aerial cameras, radios, and motor transport were adapted for polar operation. On Nov. 16, 1928, the first heavier-than-air flight in Antarctica was made by the Alaskan bush pilot C.B. Eielson and George Hubert

Antarctica, Technological advancements in exploration

2005-01-30T20:31:00.000-08:00

Oral Surgery

2005-01-29T17:06:00.000-08:00

Dental specialty that deals with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the diseases, injuries, and defects of the human mouth, jaw, and associated structures. The most common oral surgery procedure is tooth extraction. Other dental problems that require the skill of an oral surgeon include treatment of cysts (liquid- or semisolid-filled sacs), tumours, lesions, and

Epigraphy

2005-01-28T17:51:00.000-08:00

Because such media were exclusive or predominant in many of mankind's earliest civilizations, epigraphy is a prime tool in recovering much of the firsthand record of antiquity. It is thus an essential

Thomas, Theodore

2005-01-27T11:19:00.000-08:00

A violin prodigy, Thomas moved with his family to New York City, where he was to become a shaping force in practically every aspect of the city's musical life. While in his

Bohemian Glass

2005-01-26T15:57:00.000-08:00

Decorative glass made in Bohemia and Silesia from the 13th century. Especially notable is the cut and engraved glass in high Baroque style made from 1685 to 1750. Early in the 17th century, Caspar Lehmann, gem cutter to Emperor Rudolf II in Prague, adapted to glass the technique of gem engraving with copper and bronze wheels. Although intaglio (Tiefschnitt, �deep cut�) and high relief

Lermontov, Mikhail

2005-01-25T13:39:00.000-08:00

Only 26 years old when he died, Lermontov had proved his worth as a brilliant and gifted poet-thinker, prose writer, and playwright, the successor of Pushkin, and an exponent of the best traditions of Russian literature. His youthful lyric poetry is filled with a passionate craving for freedom and contains calls to battle, agonizing reflections on how to apply his strengths

Earth, The Earth's gravitational field

2005-01-24T23:36:00.000-08:00

Texts include Michele Caputo, The Gravity Field of the Earth, from Classical and Modern Methods (1967); W.A. Heiskanen and F.A. Vening Meinesz, The Earth and Its Gravity Field (1958); and W.M. Telford et al., Applied Geophysics (1976). The Journal of Geophysical Research contains much recent work, including the following articles: LeRoy M. Dorman and Brian T.R. Lewis, �Experimental Isostasy, 1: Theory of the Determination of the Earth's Isostatic Response to a Concentrated Load,� 75(17):3357 - 65 (June 10, 1970), �Experimental Isostasy, 2: An Isostatic Model for the U.S.A. Derived from Gravity and Topographic Data,� 75(17):3367 - 86 (June 10, 1970), and �Experimental Isostasy, 3: Inversion of the Isostatic Green Function and Lateral Density Changes,� 77(17):3068 - 77 (June 10, 1972); G.D. Karner and A.B. Watts, �Gravity Anomalies and Flexure of the Lithosphere at Mountain Ranges,� 88(B12):10,449 - 10,477 (Dec. 10, 1983); and Marcia McNutt, �Implications of Regional Gravity for State of Stress in the Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle,� 85(B11):6377 - 96 (Nov. 10, 1980).

New Georgia Group

2005-01-23T09:13:00.000-08:00

Volcanic island group in the Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean, 90 mi (145 km) northwest of Guadalcanal. The main islands (northwest to southeast) are Vella Lavella, Ranongga, Gizo, Kolombangara (cone-shaped, with a solfataric volcano, 5,800 ft [1,768 m]), Vona Vona, New Georgia (the largest, 50 mi long and 20 mi across at its widest point), Rendova, Tetepare, Vangunu, and Nggatokae. The islands

Salan, Raoul (-albin-louis)

2005-01-22T14:20:00.000-08:00

French military officer who sought to prevent Algeria from gaining independence from France. In 1961 - 62 he led an organization of right-wing extremists, the Organisation de l'Arm�e Secr�te (OAS; Secret Army Organization), in a campaign of terror against the government of Charles de Gaulle in both France and Algeria before being captured,

Zollinger, Albin

2005-01-21T22:12:00.000-08:00

Zollinger was a primary school teacher who lived in or near Z�rich all his life except for four years (1903 - 07) in Argentina. Three-quarters of his work was written in the last 10 years of his life, during which he consumed himself in creative activity. Following

Latrobe, Benjamin (henry)

2005-01-20T05:36:00.000-08:00

Latrobe attended the Moravian college at Niesky, Saxony, and traveled in France and Italy, acquiring a knowledge

Aurobindo, Sri

2005-01-19T17:10:00.000-08:00

Aurobindo's education began in a Christian convent school in Darjeeling, and then, still a boy, he was sent to England for further schooling. He entered the University of Cambridge, where he became proficient in two

Defamation

2005-01-18T16:06:00.000-08:00

Although defamation is a creation of English law, similar doctrines existed several thousand years ago. In Roman law abusive chants were

Ryan, Nolan

2005-01-17T10:16:00.000-08:00

Ryan was taught to play baseball by an elder brother and was a wild but fast pitcher in high school before he was signed by the National League New York Mets in 1965. He pitched for their minor league

Usk

2005-01-16T04:00:00.000-08:00

Welsh �Brynbuga� town, present and historic county of Monmouthshire, Wales, lying along the River Usk 20 miles (32 km) from its Bristol Channel mouth. The town was settled first by Celts and then by Romans, who called it Burrium. A Norman castle was built in the 12th century but was partially destroyed about 1402 during the rebellion of the Welsh prince Owen Glendower. Usk is now a small market town and

Arts, Central Asian, Turkish literature

2005-01-15T20:28:00.000-08:00

The purely Turkish period in the history of Turkish literatures came before the conversion of the Turks to Islam and covers approximately the 8th to the 11th centuries AD. The oldest literary legacy of the period is found in the Orhon inscriptions, found in the Orhon valley, northern Mongolia, in 1889 and deciphered in 1893 by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen. The inscriptions

Alaska Purchase

2005-01-14T00:09:00.000-08:00

William Henry Seward, secretary of state under President Andrew Johnson, had as early as 1860 dreamed of acquiring Alaska. The territory was considered an economic liability by the Russians, and in December 1866 Baron Eduard de Stoeckl, Russian

Lennox, Charlotte

2005-01-12T05:25:00.000-08:00

Charlotte Ramsay was the daughter of a British army officer who was said to have been lieutenant governor of the colony of New York.

Jir�sek, Alois

2005-01-11T16:54:00.000-08:00

Jir�sek was a secondary-school teacher until his retirement in 1909. He wrote a series of historical novels imbued with faith in his nation and in progress toward freedom and justice.

Floral Decoration

2005-01-10T01:53:00.000-08:00

Liberty Hyde Bailey and Ethel Zoe Bailey (comps.), Hortus Second: A Concise Dictionary of Gardening, General Horticulture and Cultivated Plants in North America (1941), basic for nomenclature; Victor Loret, La Flore pharaonique d'apres les documents hieroglyphiques et les specimens decouverts dans les tombes, 2nd ed. (1892), includes information concerning wreaths and garlands; Charles Victor Daremberg and E. Saglio, Dictionnaire des antiquites Grecques et Romaines d'apres les textes et les monuments, vol. l, pt. 2 (1877), lists flowers grown and ornamental uses (under �Corona� and �Coronarius et Coronaria�); John Gerard, The Herball (1597), descriptions and contemporary wood engravings of English garden flowers; John Parkinson, Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris (1629), descriptions and usage of flowers in 17th-century England; P. Giovanni Battista Ferrari, Flora ouero cultura di fiori (1633), on the culture and care of cut flowers, including how to preserve, arrange, and ship them, with interesting illustrations; Philip Miller, The Gardeners Dictionary, 2 vol. (1735), an important and popular 18th-century work, with full descriptions of garden flowers and illustrations; Helen Gere Cruickshann (ed.), John and William Bartram's America (1957), contains information about new plant discoveries and exchanges of garden material between America and England in the 18th century; Godey's Lady's Book (1830 - 98), almost monthly advice in the editorial pages about gardening or arranging flowers; J. Ramsbottom, A Book of Roses (1939), information about old-fashioned roses; Ralph G. Warner, Dutch and Flemish Flower and Fruit Painters of the 17th and 18th Centuries (1928), profusely illustrated; Julia S. Berrall, A History of Flower Arrangement, rev. ed. (1968), on all styles and periods, including original source lists of plant materials and many illustrations; Margaret Fairbanks Marcus, Period Flower Arrangement (1952), emphasis on art; Josiah Conder, The Theory of Japanese Flower Arrangements (1935), reprint of an original paper read by the author in 1889 to the Asiatic Society of Japan, to which have been added 36 colour plates of Ikenobo and moribana arrangements; Alfred Koehn, The Art of Japanese Flower Arrangement (Ikebana): A Handbook for Beginners (1934), with actual photographs instead of paintings; Donald Richie and Meredith Weatherby (eds.), The Masters' Book of Japanese Flower Arrangement: With Lessons by the Masters of Japan's Three Foremost Schools: Sen'ei Ikenobo, Houn Ohara, Sofu Teshigahara (1966), contains an excellent historic section illustrated from the arts and photographs in colour and black and white contemporary expressions; Shozo Soto, The Art of Arranging Flowers (1966), on all aspects of Japanese flower arranging, with excellent colour and black and white illustrations throughout. Later works include Gertrude Jekyll, Flower Decoration in the House (1982), and Colour Schemes for the Flower Garden, 8th ed. (1982); Emma Wood and Jane Merer, Flower Crafts (1982); Marian Aaronson, Flowers in the Modern Manner (1981); Tokuji Furuta, Interior Landscaping (1983); Interior Plantscape Association (U.S.), Manual of Practice (1980); Mary Adams, Natural Flower Arranging (1981); Edith Black, Modern Flower Arranging (1982).

Australia, Overall characteristics

2005-01-09T02:35:00.000-08:00

Australia is a land of vast plains. Only 6 percent of the island continent is above 2,000 feet (600 metres) in elevation. Its highest peak, Mount Kosciusko, rises to only 7,310 feet (2,228 metres). This situation stems in part from the long periods of geologic time during which Australia has been subject to weathering and erosion and in part from Australia's position at the edge of a zone of significant

Eylau, Battle Of

2005-01-08T01:03:00.000-08:00

(Feb. 7 - 8, 1807), one of the engagements in the Napoleonic War of the Third Coalition. The first major deadlock suffered by Napoleon, the battle was fought around the East Prussian town of Eylau (modern Bagrationovsk, Russia), 23 miles (37 km) south of K�nigsberg (Kaliningrad). The 76,000 Russians and Prussians under Leonty Leontyevich Bennigsen confronted 74,000 men under Napoleon shortly after

Amphibious Warfare

2005-01-07T16:45:00.000-08:00

Military operations characterized by attacks launched from the sea by naval and landing forces against hostile shores. The main form is the amphibious assault, which may be conducted for any of several purposes: to serve as a prelude to further combat operations ashore; to seize a site required as an advanced naval or air base; or to deny the use of the site or area to

La V�rendrye, Pierre Gaultier De Varennes, Et De

2005-01-06T21:12:00.000-08:00

French-Canadian soldier, fur trader, and explorer whose exploits, little honoured during his lifetime, rank him as one of the greatest explorers of the Canadian West. Moreover, the string of trading posts he and his sons built in the course of their search for an overland route to the �western sea� broke the monopoly

Military Aircraft, Day fighters

2005-01-05T01:23:00.000-08:00

Air superiority was crucial to the outcome of most of the decisive campaigns of World War II, and here the performance of single-seat fighters was generally the critical factor. First-class fighters required extremely powerful aero engines suitable for compact, low-drag installation, and in this respect Britain, Germany, and the United States were in a class by themselves.

Uveitis

2005-01-03T16:48:00.000-08:00

Inflammation of the uvea, the middle coat of the eyeball, which is pigmented and contains blood vessels. The uvea consists of three parts: the iris, the ciliary body (containing the muscle that controls the curvature of the lens), and the choroid, the layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera (the white outer covering of all except the front part of the eyeball).

Amuzgo

2005-01-01T19:51:00.000-08:00

The people are agricultural, using the plow or digging stick to plant staples of corn, beans, and squash,

Lop Buri

2004-12-31T20:03:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Lopburi, � town, south-central Thailand, north of Bangkok. Lop Buri is a rice-collecting centre situated on the Lop Buri River and on the country's main north-south highway and railway. Founded as Lavo in the 5th - 7th century, it was incorporated into the Khmer empire of Angkor in the 10th or 11th century and became an important provincial capital. It later became an active centre within

Offa's Dyke

2004-12-30T02:19:00.000-08:00

Great English earthwork extending linearly, with some gaps, from the River Severn near Chepstow to the seaward end of the Dee estuary, passing for 169 miles (270 kilometres) through the counties of Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Radnorshire, Montgomeryshire, Shropshire, Denbighshire, and Flintshire. It was built at the orders of Offa, the great Mercian king of the second

Juan De Austria

2004-12-28T00:00:00.000-08:00

Removed from his mother, a burgher's daughter, at an early age, he was

Qayen

2004-12-27T20:13:00.000-08:00

The modern town is surrounded by

Goodall, Jane

2004-12-26T21:05:00.000-08:00

Goodall, who was interested in animal behaviour from an early age, left school at age 18. She worked as a secretary and as a film production assistant until she gained passage to Africa. Once there, Goodall

Gioia Del Colle

2004-12-25T19:17:00.000-08:00

Medieval monuments include a 12th-century castle and a fortified hunting lodge built for the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II. The town has an archaeological museum, and nearby is the site of a large city that flourished between the 6th and 4th

Jackson

2004-12-24T20:21:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1821) of Madison county, western Tennessee, U.S. It lies about 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Memphis. The area was settled about 1819 as a port on the Forked Deer River and developed as a cotton depot and railroad junction. First called Alexandria, the community was renamed in 1822 to honour General (later President) Andrew Jackson. It was used as a supply point by both Confederate and

Lodi

2004-12-23T18:13:00.000-08:00

Town, capital of Lodi provincia, Lombardia (Lombardy) regione, northern Italy. It lies on the right bank of the Adda River, southeast of Milan. The original settlement (5th century BC) on the site of the present suburb of Lodi Vecchio obtained Roman citizenship in 89 BC as Laus Pompeia. Destroyed in the communal struggles of 1111 and by the Milanese in 1158, it was refounded on the present site

Jackson, Mahalia

2004-12-22T09:23:00.000-08:00

Jackson was brought up in a strict religious atmosphere. Her father's family included several entertainers, but she was forced to confine her own musical activities to singing in the church choir and listening - surreptitiously - to recordings

Insurance

2004-12-21T01:02:00.000-08:00

International insurance is surveyed in Paul P. Rogers, Bruno Sch�nfelder, and Ehrenfried Sch�tte, Insurance in Socialist East Europe (1988); Bernard Wasow and Raymond D. Hill (eds.), The Insurance Industry in Economic Development (1986); Robert M. Crowe (ed.), Insurance in the World's Economies (1982); Michael E. Hogue and Douglas G. Olson (eds.), World Insurance Outlook (1982); Wenlee Ting, Multinational Risk Assessment and Management: Strategies for Investment and Marketing Decisions (1988); Werner Pfenningstorf and Donald G. Gifford, A Comparative Study of Liability Law and Compensation Schemes in Ten Countries and the United States (1991); and Norman A. Baglini, Global Risk Management: How U.S. International Corporations Manage Foreign Risks (1983).

Andean Geosyncline

2004-12-20T22:56:00.000-08:00

A linear trough in the Earth's crust in which rocks of the Mesozoic Era (245 to 66.4 million years ago) and Cenozoic Era (66.4 years ago to the present) were deposited in South America. An intense orogenic (mountain-building) event affected the older sediments in the geosyncline in the Late Cretaceous Epoch (97.5 to 66.4 million years ago) and, combined with later deformational episodes, produced

Cleveland

2004-12-19T22:42:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1836) of Bradley county, southeastern Tennessee, U.S., about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Chattanooga. Established in 1836 following the agreement for the evacuation of the area by the Cherokee, the community was named for Colonel Benjamin Cleveland, a hero of the American Revolution. During the American Civil War, Union generals Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman

Mu'izz, Al-

2004-12-18T14:01:00.000-08:00

He was about 22 years of age when he succeeded his father, al-Mansur, in 953 with the title of al-Mu'izz. His authority was acknowledged over the greater part of the region now comprising Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, and he soon took the island

Janin

2004-12-17T17:25:00.000-08:00

The original ancient settlement is mentioned in the Amarna Letters, a series of 14th-century-BC diplomatic documents

Accentor

2004-12-16T10:17:00.000-08:00

Accentors breed chiefly in mountains but winter at lower elevations. A widespread lowland species is

Osborne, Thomas Mott

2004-12-15T02:50:00.000-08:00

Osborne served two terms on the Auburn Board of Education and in 1903 was elected mayor of Auburn, serving one term. In 1913 he became chairman of the New York State Commission

Carnivore

2004-12-14T19:15:00.000-08:00

For general information on the biology of the carnivores, see E.P. Walker et al., Mammals of the World, 3 vol. (1964), in which each genus is described and illustrated, along with a brief summation of its biology. The taxonomy of carnivores is discussed in G.G. Simpson, �Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals,� Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 85 (1945), a classic work on classification, followed by most recent mammalogists; and H.J. Stains, �Carnivores and Pinnipeds,� in S. Anderson and J.K. Jones, Jr. (eds.), Recent Mammals of the World: A Synopsis of Families (1967). F.E. Beddard, Mammalia (1902, reprinted 1958), is a definitive early work on mammalian anatomy. The paleontology of the Carnivora is summarized in two works by A.S. Romer: Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd ed. (1966), fundamental to an understanding of fossil forms, and Notes and Comments on Vertebrate Paleontology (1968), containing additional information not found in the general text. Books devoted to particular subgroups of the carnivores include A. Denis, Cats of the World (1964), an excellent summary of the status of all members of the Felidae; C.J. Harris, Otters (1968), a fine summary of the status of the otters around the world; H.E. Hinton and A.M.S. Dunn, Mongooses: Their Natural History and Behaviour (1967), which contains much interesting information that is difficult to find elsewhere, except in scattered literature; R.J. Harrison et al. (eds.), The Behavior and Physiology of Pinnipeds (1968), an excellent summation of knowledge on these aquatic carnivores; and V.B. Scheffer, Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses: A Review of the Pinnipedia (1958), a major work on the taxonomy of the Pinnipedia.

Jackson, Jesse

2004-12-13T07:19:00.000-08:00

Jesse adopted the name of his stepfather, Charles Jackson,

Factory Ship

2004-12-12T00:27:00.000-08:00

The present-day factory ship is an automated, greatly enlarged version of the

Plisetskaya, Maya (mikhaylovna)

2004-12-11T00:14:00.000-08:00

A niece of the dancers Asaf and Sulamith Messerer, Plisetskaya studied with Paul Gerdt's daughter Yelizaveta and with Agrippina Yakovlevna Vaganova and graduated from the Bolshoi

Wildfowl Trust, The

2004-12-09T22:10:00.000-08:00

Centre of the world's largest collection of waterfowl. It was established in 1946 by Sir Peter Scott on 418 acres (169 hectares) along the River Severn near Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, Eng. Nearly a quarter of the land is fenced off for captive birds and breeding stock; the rest of the refuge is traditional wintering ground for many species of ducks and geese. In addition to accommodating

Great Neck

2004-12-08T19:57:00.000-08:00

Village, in the town (township) of North Hempstead, Nassau county, New York, U.S. It lies along the Great Neck cape and the north shore of Long Island in an area of summer estates. Settled about 1644, it is known as the �Old Village� and was incorporated in 1922. The writer F. Scott Fitzgerald once lived in Great Neck and used it and neighbouring towns as the setting for his novel The Great

Animal Development, The epidermis and its outgrowths

2004-12-07T01:06:00.000-08:00

The major part of the ectodermal epithelium covering the body gives rise to the epidermis of the skin. In fishes and aquatic larvae of amphibians, the many-layered epidermis is provided with unicellular mucous glands. In terrestrial vertebrates, however, the epidermis becomes keratinized; i.e., the outer layers of cells produce keratin, a protein that is hardened

MilitaryCord

Alum

Armco Inc.

Sokollu, Mehmed Pasa

Zaghlul, Sa'd

Jeté

China, Educational and cultural policy changes

Montserrat

Blair

Adam, Robert

Kamáres Ware

Eight, The

Aerobatics

Papier-mâché

Racine

Market research

Aniakchak National Monument And Preserve

Amakihi

Art

Owain Gwynedd

Alliance

Arabia, The Persian Gulf lowland

Reform Party

Fyrd

Baseball, Women in baseball

Nephrotic Syndrome

Bess Beetle

Floire Et Blancheflor

Oglethorpe University

Space Station

Mauldin, Bill

Aumale, Henri-eug�ne-philippe-louis D'orl�ans, Duke (duc) D'

Dome Of The Rock

Sang-kan River

Astip�laia

Penates

Tooth

Candidas

Settling

Evans, Rowland

Biblical Literature, Form and content of John

Spokane River

Jahwarid Dynasty

Pappus Of Alexandria

Gahnite

Hoover, Lou

Ganesha

Radiguet, Raymond

Gaddi, Taddeo

Antarctica, Technological advancements in exploration

Antarctica, Technological advancements in exploration

Oral Surgery

Epigraphy

Thomas, Theodore

Bohemian Glass

Lermontov, Mikhail

Earth, The Earth's gravitational field

New Georgia Group

Salan, Raoul (-albin-louis)

Zollinger, Albin

Latrobe, Benjamin (henry)

Aurobindo, Sri

Defamation

Ryan, Nolan

Usk

Arts, Central Asian, Turkish literature

Alaska Purchase

Meta

Lennox, Charlotte

Jir�sek, Alois

Floral Decoration

Australia, Overall characteristics

Eylau, Battle Of

Amphibious Warfare

La V�rendrye, Pierre Gaultier De Varennes, Et De

Military Aircraft, Day fighters

Uveitis

Amuzgo

Lop Buri

Offa's Dyke